Across America, a troubling trend has emerged from the shadows of public health data: millions of people are quietly reporting that their minds are not working as they once did. Between 2013 and 2023, self-reported cognitive disability rates climbed from 5.3% to 7.4%, representing a notable increase in Americans experiencing serious trouble with memory, concentration, or decision-making.
Millions of Americans are quietly discovering their minds no longer work as they once did.
The most striking changes appeared among younger adults, particularly those aged 18-39, whose rates nearly doubled from 5.1% to 9.7%. This demographic shift challenges traditional assumptions about cognitive decline being primarily an aging concern.
Younger white adults saw their prevalence more than double from 4.4% to 9.6%, while adults over 70 experienced a slight decline, dropping from 7.3% to 6.6%.
Economic factors play an essential role in this emerging pattern. Households earning under $35,000 reported rates rising from 8.8% to 12.6%, while those earning over $75,000 saw increases from just 1.8% to 3.9%. This disparity suggests that financial stress and economic instability may contribute markedly to cognitive challenges, creating a cycle where those least equipped to address these issues face the greatest burden.
Educational attainment reveals similar patterns. Adults without high school diplomas experienced increases from 11.1% to 14.3%, while college graduates saw more modest rises from 2.1% to 3.6%. These gaps highlight how social determinants of health amplify cognitive disability risks among vulnerable populations.
Geographic variations show the South and Midwest reporting the highest rates, while the Northeast maintains lower prevalence levels.
Racial and ethnic disparities also emerged, with American Indian, Alaska Native, and Hispanic populations reporting the highest rates overall.
Researchers point to several potential contributors, including chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, reduced mental health stigma encouraging more honest reporting, and possible effects of digital environments on attention spans. Adults with a history of stroke reported cognitive disability rates exceeding 18% in 2023. This comprehensive analysis examined over 4.5 million survey responses throughout the decade-long study period.
The convergence of social, economic, and health factors appears to drive trends particularly among disadvantaged groups.
Understanding these patterns offers hope for targeted interventions. Addressing underlying health conditions, improving access to mental healthcare, and strengthening social safety nets could help reverse this concerning trajectory while supporting those currently affected.
